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The Mosteiro de São Bento (St. Benedict Monastery) is a church located on the Morro de São Bento ("St. Benedict Hill") in downtown Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Mannerist style church is a primary example of in Rio and the country. == History == The Mosteiro de São Bento was founded by Benedictine monks who came from the state of Bahia in 1590. The monastery is still operational today, along with the Colégio de São Bento (St. Benedict School) nearby. The Colégio de São Bento, established in 1858, is one of the most important traditional educational establishments in Brazil and claims many famous alumni. The monastery includes the Faculdade de São Bento (St. Benedict Seminary), with courses in theology and philosophy that are recognized by the Ministry of Education. Theological studies at the monastery are also affiliated with the Pontifical Athenaeum of St. Anselm in Rome. The history of the monastery began in 1590 when Manoel de Brito and his son Diogo de Brito de Lacerda donated land for its construction in downtown Rio de Janeiro to Pedro Ferraz and João Porcalho, Benedictine monks from Bahia.〔ROCHA, M. R. ''The Church of Saint Benedict''. Rio de Janeiro: Studio HMF: Lúmen Christi, 1992 pp. 8, 14, 28〕 At the time, the monks were residing in a simple inn next to the chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Our Lady of the Conception) by to the Morro de São Bento (St. Benedict Hill).〔Coaracy, Vivaldo. ''O Rio de Janeiro no Século XVII''. Rio de Janeiro: Documenta Histórica, 1944 p. 145〕 Because of this, the monastery adopted Our Lady of the Conception as its patron saint. St. Benedict was later added as an additional patron saint, and namesake, by order of the Junta Geral da Congregação Portuguesa (General Board of the Portuguese Congregation) in 1596. In 1602, the then-titled, "Mosteiro de São Bento de Nossa Senhora da Conceição" changed its name to "Mosteiro de Nossa Senhora de Montserrat" in homage to the saint to which the governor of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, Dom Francisco de Souza, was devoted.〔ROCHA, M. R. ''The Church of Saint Benedict''. Rio de Janeiro: Studio HMF: Lumen Christi, 1992 pp. 8, 14, 28〕 The financial resources necessary to construct the monastery came from income obtained through the production of sugarcane on the multiple properties controlled by the monks. All charitable donations, these tracts of land extended throughout the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, particularly in the regions of Nova Iguaçu and Campos dos Goytacazes. African slaves provided the physical labor required to build the monastery. The stones used in its construction were mined from the Morro da Viúva (Widow's Hill), in the neighborhood of Flamengo.〔ROCHA, M. R. ''The Church of Saint Benedict''. Rio de Janeiro: Studio HMF: Lumen Christi, 1992 pp. 14, 28〕 Portuguese military engineer, Francisco Frias de Mesquita, drew up the plans for the building and oversaw its construction in 1617. The Mannerist style, popular in Portugal at the time, provided the aesthetic inspiration for the structure. Work on the church began in 1633, under the guidance of Abbott Francisco da Magdalena, with a plan to finish in 1671. The original plans were altered during construction by the architect Friar Bernardo de São Bento Correia de Souza to include three naves. The annex of the church was only completed in 1755, with the installation of a convent designed by military engineer José Fernandes Pinto Alpoim. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mosteiro de São Bento」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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